About Ostomies

Aboutostomy
Contributing Author: on June 27, 2011 - No comments

WHAT IS AN OSTOMY ?

An OSTOMY is a surgical operation that creates a new outside opening for body wastes. The new opening is called a STOMA. A stoma may be created to divert feces, urine or both.

REASONS FOR AN OSTOMY

The intestinal ostomies are most often performed in conjunction with tumor removal, to permit repair of bowel injuries, congenital defects, or as a last resort treatment in medically unmanageable cases of inflammatory bowel diseases. Indications for urinary diversion include tumor removal, congenital or nerve defects or injuries that take away voluntary bladder control.

OSTOMY TYPES:

COLOSTOMY  Large Intestine (various types below)

  • Sigmoid
  • Descending
  • Ascending
  • Transverse

ILEOSTOMY  Small Intestine

URETEROSTOMY  Urinary Tract

COLOSTOMY

Colostomies are surgical openings created for the passage of waste from the large intestine (colon). The inactive part of the large intestine is removed or temporarily inactive until healing is completed.

Since digestion takes place ahead of the colon, with the body absorbing most of its nutrition through the small intestine, a colostomate could actually live comfortably with-out the large intestine.

There are several types of colostomies, each differentiated by location, and type of discharge.

ASCENDING COLOSTOMY

The ascending colostomy is located in the ascending colon. Since this type of colostomy is so close to the small intestine (ileum), waste discharges continuously for lack of storage space. The material is rich in digestive juices and very irritating to the skin.

TRANSVERSE COLOSTOMY

A transverse colostomy is located in the transverse colon. It usually appears in the upper abdomen, either in the middle or a little to the right side of the body. The discharge from a transverse colostomy varies, depending on how far away from the small intestine the opening has been made. The discharge may be firm at infrequent intervals, but many discharge all the time with a soft or loose stool.

LOOP COLOSTOMY

In order to create this type of colostomy, a loop of the transverse colon is lifted. The colon is partially divided and a rod placed underneath to give it support. The loop colostomy appears like one very large stoma but actually has two openings. There is one opening for the normal discharge of waste and another (the disconnected portion) for the drainage of mucous. The rod is removed after a few days.

DOUBLE BARREL

A loop of the transverse colon is lifted and divided completely. In this case two openings (barrels) are created and they may or may not be separated by skin. A rod is not required for a double barrel colostomy. One barrel discharges the waste, the other discharges mucus from the disconnected portion of the colon.

DESCENDING COLOSTOMY

A descending colostomy is located in the descending colon. Since it is located in the lower portion of the intestinal tract, the discharge is likely to be semi-solid to firm and therefore can often be regulated.

Since both of these types of colostomies are the furthest from the small intestine, storage capacity is greater, and the stool is more solid and without rich digestive enzyme content.

SIGMOID COLOSTOMY

A sigmoid colostomy is located in the sigmoid colon. Since it is located in the lower portion of the intestinal tract, the discharge is likely to be firm and therefore can often be regulated.

ILEOSTOMY

An ileostomy is located in the small intestine (ileum). Normally the large intestine (colon) has been removed. The discharge from an ileostomy is continuous, soft, and wet. It contains digestive enzymes which can seriously damage the skin. Stomas are generally small in size (one inch in diameter) since they are constructed with the small intestine.

UROSTOMY

A urostomy diverts the urine away from the bladder. There are several types.

ILEAL CONDUIT

The most common type of urostomy is the ileal conduit. A 6 to 8 inch section of the small intestine is removed to construct a conduit. One end of the conduit is closed and both ureters are implanted into the tissue near the closed end. The other end of the conduit becomes the stoma.

The conduit has no storage capacity and is not considered a substitute bladder. Urine flows almost continually.

BILATERAL URETEROSTOMY

The bilateral ureterostomy does not utilize a conduit. Instead, the ureters are brought to the surface and used to create a stoma on each side of the body.

There is no storage capacity therefore urine flows almost continually.

CONTINENT OSTOMY

An internal pouch (also known as Koch Pouch) can be constructed within the body to collect the waste from the small intestine or ureters. This is known as a continent ostomy and there are two types.

CONTINENT ILEOSTOMY

A loop of the small intestine is constructed into a pouch within the abdominal cavity. Waste from the small intestine is collected there until a convenient time to drain it. A one-way nipple valve is created in the pouch to prevent leakage.

CONTINENT UROSTOMY

Similar to the continent ileostomy. A nipple valve is created in both ends of the pouch to prevent urine reflux through the ureters.

To browse and learn more about products for every type of ostomy, stop by Shield HealthCare’s ostomy products page.

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